Analysis of Protein Moiety of Polysaccharide Conjugates Water-extracted from Low Grade Green Tea

Tea polysaccharide conjugates(TPCs) were water-extracted and purified from low-grade green tea. Although TPC contains 1.97% covalent binding proteins, Coomassie brilliant blue G250 and R250 could not detect this protein. The "should-shape" absorption peak observed at 250-280 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum was caused by quinone compounds derived from polyphenol oxidation during TPC extraction. The UV-Vis spectrum could be used to detect the decolorizing degree of TPC. TPC aqueous solution merely presented the negative charge properties of its polysaccharides instead of the acid-base property of its protein section, and exhibited higher stability at pH greater than 5.0. No precipitation or haze occurred in three TPC/epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) aqueous mixtures during 12 h storage. TPC had emulsifying activity, which indicated that its protein moiety formed hydrophobic groups. It is proposed that some of the physicochemical properties of the TPC protein moiety are shielded by its polysaccharide chain.     

基于手机APP实现驻波法对声速的测量

介绍了一种利用普通智能手机和一根两端开口奶茶管基于声驻波现象来测量声速的方法。这种实验方法所用的实验仪器随手可得,无需学生再到学校的实验室进行实验,激发了学生的学习兴趣,增强了学生的动手能力。     

祁门红茶加工中氨基酸和儿茶素快速检测模型建立

氨基酸与儿茶素是茶叶品质的重要组成成分。祁门红茶在加工过程中,氨基酸与儿茶素含量发生了显著的变化,而且不同加工阶段差异性很大,但目前在生产中缺乏快速在线检测方法。为了实现对祁门红茶加工过程中氨基酸和儿茶素含量快速测定,试验以鲜叶、萎凋叶、揉捻叶、发酵叶和干燥后毛茶为原料,获取近红外光谱并利用化学方法检测氨基酸和儿茶素含量。对采集的原始光谱进行标准正态变量变换(SNVT)预处理,利用联合区间偏最小二乘回归法(Si-PLS)构建氨基酸和儿茶素含量近红外回归模型,相关系数与交互验证均方根误差作为评价模型的有效指标。结果表明,利用Si-PLS方法建立氨基酸含量的模型最优组合包含20个光谱区间并联合4个子区间和9个主成分因子,校正集的相关系数、校正均方根误差分别为0.955 8和1.768;预测集的相关系数、预测均方根误差分别为0.949 5和2.16。儿茶素含量的模型最优组合包含20个光谱区间并联合3个子区间和10个主成分因子,校正集的相关系数、校正均方根误差分别为0.940 1和1.22;预测集的相关系数、预测均方根误差分别为0.938 5和1.17。所建立模型准确性较好,这为茶叶加工过程中茶叶品质的在线监控提供了理论依据。     

亲水单分散聚合物基质阳离子色谱柱的制备及其应用

以自制5.0 μm单分散大孔亲水交联聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯微球为基质,合成一种新型弱酸性阳离子色谱填料.选用甲烷磺酸作淋洗液,在流速为1.0 mL/min时,对6种无机阳离子(Li+, Na+, NH+4, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+)和有机胺进行了良好分离.考察了淋洗液种类、浓度以及流速对6种无机阳离子分离的影响,选择了合适的色谱分离条件.测得6种离子在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系和低的检出限.将其用于决明茶中阳离子的分析,4种离子在20 min内完全分离,各离子标准加入回收率在96%～107%之间.此色谱柱的分离效果与Dionex IonPacCS12A商品柱接近,但分析时间缩短了44 min.     

Production mechanism of proepitheaflagallin, a precursor of benzotropolone-type black tea pigment, derived from epigallocatechin via a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-type intermediate

An unstable intermediate proepitheaflagallin B (2), a precursor of proepitheaflagallin (3), was isolated as an enzymatic oxidation product of (−)-epigallocatechin (1), and the structure of 2 was determined based on spectroscopic data. The structure and its decomposition revealed that the detailed production mechanism of proepitheaflagallin (3) via a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-type intermediate was related to that of major black tea pigments, theaflavins.     

超高效液相色谱法快速测定发酵茶叶中的黄曲霉毒素

建立了用超高效液相色谱/紫外检测器测定发酵茶叶中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2的方法.用CH2Q2提取黄曲霉毒素,提取液经浓缩后,用LC-CN固相萃取小柱净化,超高效液相色谱测定.在浓度范围20～200μg/L(B1、G1),15～120μg/L(B2、G2)内具有良好的线性相关关系.黄曲霉毒素的回收率为81.4%～92.3%,相对标准偏差RSD 1.6%～4.2%.检出限为0.32μg/kg(B1、G1),0.18μg/kg(B2、G2)(S/N=3).     

潮汕工夫茶中的化学智慧

潮汕工夫茶中蕴含了丰富的化学文化。长期以来,潮汕人在凤凰单枞茶的品种选育、种植、加工以及品饮等诸多方面, 十分关注影响茶叶品质与风味的儿茶素、茶氨酸、咖啡因、可溶性糖、色素、萜类等化学物质,并在生产、加工中对这些化学成分的含量及生化转化精细控制,形成了凤凰单枞茶特有的品质与风味;同时,针对凤凰单枞茶活性成分的组成特点,摸索出一套科学的冲泡程式,充分展现出潮汕工夫茶文化中的化学智慧。     

亚临界水萃取及气相色谱-串联质谱法检测红茶中多种农药残留

建立了亚临界水萃取及气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测红茶中21种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的方法。在萃取压力为5 MPa条件下,样品经150 ℃的亚临界水提取15 min后,将目标物转移至丙酮-正己烷(1:1, v/v)中,经ENVI-Carb固相萃取净化小柱净化,DB-5毛细管气相色谱柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行MS/MS检测,基质匹配溶液内标法定量。各目标物在5.0～320.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,其定量限(信噪比(S/N)＞10)为50 ng/g,检出限(S/N＞3)为10 ng/g。茶叶基质中添加50、100和200 ng/g的标准品时,21种农药的回收率为70.18%～119.98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.01%～11.76%。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求,适用于红茶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的检测。     

基于遗传算法的安溪铁观音品质快速评价研究

为探究一种快速无损的安溪铁观音品质评价方法,利用遗传算法(GA)对茶样的近红外光谱特征波长进行筛选,结合偏最小二乘(PLS),建立全谱段的PLS定量模型与GA-PLS模型。结果表明,傅里叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)全谱段光谱在经过平滑+二阶导数+归一化处理后,PLS模型预测性能最高,建模结果为：校正集相关系数R_C=0.921,校正集均方根误差RMSEC=0.543,验证集相关系数R_P=0.913,验证集均方根误差RMSEP=0.665。选用近红外光谱6 670～4 000 cm-1谱区,采用遗传算法进行特征波长筛选,参与建模数据点数从1 557缩减到408个。优选波段后,GA-PLS建模结果为：校正集相关系数R_C=0.959,校正集均方根误差RMSEC=0.413,验证集相关系数R_P=0.940,验证集均方根误差RMSEP=0.587。可见,GA-PLS模型的校正集和验证集的预测结果均优于全谱段PLS模型。结果说明,在传统的近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法的建模基础上,加入遗传算法进行波长筛选,能有效提高模型预测能力,实现方法学的创新研究,且GA-PLS品质评价模型具有较强的参考和推广价值,为提高我国茶叶品质的检测技术水平提供新的方法借鉴。     

Shelf-Life Stability of Ready-to-Use Green Rooibos Iced Tea Powder—Assessment of Physical,Chemical, and Sensory Properties

Green rooibos extract (GRE), shown to improve hyperglycemia and HDL/LDL blood cholesterol, has potential as a nutraceutical beverage ingredient. The main bioactive compound of the extract is aspalathin, a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone. The study aimed to determine the effect of common iced tea ingredients (citric acid, ascorbic acid, and xylitol) on the stability of GRE, microencapsulated with inulin for production of a powdered beverage. The stability of the powder mixtures stored in semi-permeable (5 months) and impermeable (12 months) single-serve packaging at 30 °C and 40 °C/65% relative humidity was assessed. More pronounced clumping and darkening of the powders, in combination with higher first order reaction rate constants for dihydrochalcone degradation, indicated the negative effect of higher storage temperature and an increase in moisture content when stored in the semi-permeable packaging. These changes were further increased by the addition of crystalline ingredients, especially citric acid monohydrate. The sensory profile of the powders (reconstituted to beverage strength iced tea solutions) changed with storage from a predominant green-vegetal aroma to a fruity-sweet aroma, especially when stored at 40 °C/65% RH in the semi-permeable packaging. The change in the sensory profile of the powder mixtures could be attributed to a decrease in volatile compounds such as 2-hexenal, (Z)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-decenal associated with “green-like” aromas, rather than an increase in fruity and sweet aroma-impact compounds. Green rooibos extract powders would require storage at temperatures ≤ 30 °C and protection against moisture uptake to be chemically and physically shelf-stable and maintain their sensory profiles.